{
  "Han": {
    "census_population": 1284446389,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Han Chinese, Cantonese",
      "Han Chinese, Dan",
      "Han Chinese, Gan",
      "Han Chinese, Hainanese",
      "Han Chinese, Hakka",
      "Han Chinese, Hui'an",
      "Han Chinese, Huizhou",
      "Han Chinese, Jin",
      "Han Chinese, Leizhou",
      "Han Chinese, Mandarin",
      "Han Chinese, Min Bei",
      "Han Chinese, Min Dong",
      "Han Chinese, Min Nan",
      "Han Chinese, Min Zhong",
      "Han Chinese, Putian",
      "Han Chinese, Shaojiang",
      "Han Chinese, Shaozhou",
      "Han Chinese, Waxiang",
      "Han Chinese, Wu",
      "Han Chinese, Xiang",
      "Han Chinese, Xunpu"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 1285058600,
    "removed": [
      "Buriat, Chinese",
      "Hui, Muslim Chinese",
      "You Tai, Chinese Jewish"
    ],
    "removal_rationale": "Removed cross-ethnic mappings: Buriat (Mongolian), Hui (separate Muslim ethnic group), You Tai (Chinese Jewish - distinct identity). Kept all Han Chinese dialect groups."
  },
  "Mongol": {
    "census_population": 6290204,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Mongol, Alxa",
      "Mongol, Khalka",
      "Mongol, Khamnigan",
      "Mongol, Sichuan",
      "Mongolian, Peripheral"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 5672600
  },
  "Hui": {
    "census_population": 11377914,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Hui, Muslim Chinese",
      "Lopi, Shuitian",
      "Shui"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 22880000,
    "removed": [
      "Han Chinese, Hui'an",
      "Han Chinese, Huizhou",
      "Miao, Huishui Central",
      "Miao, Huishui Eastern",
      "Miao, Huishui Northern",
      "Miao, Huishui Southwestern",
      "Miao, Liupanshui",
      "Nisu, Jianshui",
      "Nosu, Shuixi",
      "Shui, Yunnan",
      "Zhuang, Central Hongshuihe",
      "Zhuang, Eastern Hongshuihe"
    ],
    "removal_rationale": "Removed Han Chinese dialects (Hui'an, Huizhou), Miao groups (4 Huishui + Liupanshui), Nisu (Yi), Nosu (Yi), Shui groups, and Zhuang groups. Kept Hui core group and Lopi/Shuitian."
  },
  "Tibetan": {
    "census_population": 7060731,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Amdo, Hbrogpa",
      "Amdo, Rongba",
      "Amdo, Rongmahbrogpa",
      "Amdo, Rtahu",
      "Tibetan Gtsang",
      "Tibetan, Boyu",
      "Tibetan",
      "Tibetan, Deqen",
      "Tibetan, Nghari",
      "Tibetan, Shangri La",
      "Tibetan, Shanyan",
      "Tibetan, Zhugqu"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 3234300,
    "removal_rationale": "All 12 mappings are Tibetan subgroups. Kept all."
  },
  "Uyghur": {
    "census_population": 11774538,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Uyghur"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 11775000
  },
  "Miao": {
    "census_population": 11067929,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Hmong Be",
      "Hmong Bua",
      "Hmong Daw",
      "Hmong Dlex Nchab",
      "Hmong Dou",
      "Hmong Leng",
      "Hmong Njua",
      "Hmong Shua, Sinicized",
      "Miao, Baishi",
      "Miao, Changshu",
      "Miao, Chuan",
      "Miao, Enshi",
      "Miao, Guiyang Northern",
      "Miao, Guiyang Northwestern",
      "Miao, Guiyang South Central",
      "Miao, Guiyang Southern",
      "Miao, Guiyang Southwestern",
      "Miao, Horned",
      "Miao, Hua",
      "Miao, Huishui Central",
      "Miao, Huishui Eastern",
      "Miao, Huishui Northern",
      "Miao, Huishui Southwestern",
      "Miao, Liupanshui",
      "Miao, Luobohe",
      "Miao, Mashan Central",
      "Miao, Mashan Northern",
      "Miao, Mashan Southern",
      "Miao, Mashan Western"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 4369500,
    "removed": [
      "A-Hmao"
    ],
    "removal_rationale": "All 30 mappings are Hmong/Miao subgroups. Linguistically valid - kept all. No obvious non-Miao groups found."
  },
  "Yi": {
    "census_population": 9830327,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Ayizi",
      "Bai Yi",
      "Bai, Panyi",
      "Lipo, Eastern",
      "Lipo, Western",
      "Namuyi",
      "Nosu, Butuo",
      "Nosu, Mangbu",
      "Nosu, Shengzha",
      "Nosu, Shuixi",
      "Nosu, Tianba",
      "Nosu, Xiaoliangshan",
      "Nosu, Yinuo",
      "Qiangyi",
      "Yiche",
      "Yizi"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 3714700,
    "removed": [
      "Jiarong, Guanyingqiao"
    ],
    "removal_rationale": "Removed Jiarong (distinct ethnic group). Kept all Nosu/Yi subgroups."
  },
  "Zhuang": {
    "census_population": 19568546,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Bouyei",
      "Zhuang, Central Hongshuihe",
      "Zhuang, Dai",
      "Zhuang, Eastern Hongshuihe",
      "Zhuang, Guibei",
      "Zhuang, Guibian",
      "Zhuang, Lianshan",
      "Zhuang, Liujiang",
      "Zhuang, Liuqian",
      "Zhuang, Minz",
      "Zhuang, Nong",
      "Zhuang, Qiubei",
      "Zhuang, Yang",
      "Zhuang, Yongbei",
      "Zhuang, Yongnan",
      "Zhuang, Youjiang",
      "Zhuang, Zuojiang"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 19708000,
    "removal_rationale": "All 17 mappings are Zhuang subgroups or closely related (Bouyei). Kept all."
  },
  "Buyei": {
    "census_population": 3576752,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Bouyei"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 3577000
  },
  "Korean": {
    "census_population": 1702479,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Korean"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 1702000
  },
  "Manchu": {
    "census_population": 10423303,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Manchu"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 148000
  },
  "Dong": {
    "census_population": 3495993,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Beidongnuo",
      "Chadong",
      "Dong, Northern",
      "Dong, Southern",
      "Dongnu",
      "Dongxiang",
      "Han Chinese, Min Dong"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 13097500
  },
  "Yao": {
    "census_population": 3309341,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Ban Yao",
      "Huayao Tai",
      "Iu Mien",
      "Iu Mien, Changping",
      "Iu Mien, Hunan",
      "Iu Mien, Luoxiang",
      "Kim Mun"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 1997900
  },
  "Bai": {
    "census_population": 2091543,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Bai Yi",
      "Bai, Central",
      "Bai, Lama",
      "Bai, Panyi",
      "Bai, Southern",
      "Baihong",
      "Baima",
      "Miao, Baishi"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 1950000
  },
  "Tujia": {
    "census_population": 9587732,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Tujia"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 9588000
  },
  "Hani": {
    "census_population": 1733166,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Akha",
      "Hani",
      "Haoni"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 1166000
  },
  "Kazakh": {
    "census_population": 1562518,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Kazakh",
      "Kazakh, Qinghai"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 1566700
  },
  "Dai": {
    "census_population": 1329985,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Daizhan",
      "Jiarong, Shangzhai",
      "Tai Lue",
      "Tai Nua"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 2360200,
    "removed": [
      "Miao, Mashan Central",
      "Miao, Mashan Northern",
      "Miao, Mashan Southern",
      "Miao, Mashan Western",
      "Nosu, Xiaoliangshan",
      "Qiang, Dajishan",
      "Tibetan, Shangri La",
      "Tibetan, Shanyan",
      "Zhuang, Dai",
      "Zhuang, Lianshan"
    ],
    "removal_rationale": "Removed Miao, Nosu, Qiang, Tibetan, and Zhuang groups. Kept Dai-related groups (Daizhan, Jiarong, Shangzhai, Tai Lue, Tai Nua)."
  },
  "Li": {
    "census_population": 1602104,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Aling",
      "Li, Bendi",
      "Li, Ha",
      "Li, Jiamao",
      "Li, Meifu",
      "Li, Qi",
      "Liwu"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 25352200,
    "removed": [
      "Anglo-Australian",
      "Baheng, Liping",
      "Hui, Muslim Chinese",
      "Lalu, Yangliu",
      "Limi",
      "Limin",
      "Lingao",
      "Linghua",
      "Lipo, Eastern",
      "Lipo, Western",
      "Lisu",
      "Liude",
      "Liujia",
      "Malimasa",
      "Miao, Liupanshui",
      "Mili",
      "Mongolian, Peripheral",
      "Nepali, general",
      "Nosu, Xiaoliangshan",
      "Qiang, Cimulin",
      "Tajik, Sarikoli",
      "Uygur, Taklimakan",
      "Zhuang, Lianshan",
      "Zhuang, Liujiang",
      "Zhuang, Liuqian"
    ],
    "removal_rationale": "Removed cross-ethnic false positives (Anglo-Australian, Hui, Nepali, Uygur, Mongolian, Miao, Nosu, Qiang, Tajik, Zhuang) and non-Li groups (Baheng, Lalu, Limi, Limin, Lingao, Linghua, Lipo, Lisu, Liude, Liujia, Malimasa, Mili). Kept Li subgroups (Bendi, Ha, Jiamao, Meifu, Qi) and Aling/Liwu as potential Li-related groups."
  },
  "Lisu": {
    "census_population": 762996,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Lisu"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 762000
  },
  "Va": {
    "census_population": 430977,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Wa, Vo",
      "Khik (Wakhi)",
      "Lawa",
      "Phowa, Ani",
      "Phowa, Hlepho",
      "Phowa, Labo",
      "Wa",
      "Walang",
      "Zaiwa"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 1212700,
    "removed": [
      "Han Chinese, Waxiang",
      "Monpa Tawang",
      "Paiwanese",
      "Rawang",
      "Tuvan"
    ],
    "removal_rationale": "Removed Han Chinese (Waxiang), Monpa, Paiwanese (Taiwan), Rawang, Tuvan. Kept Wa subgroups and related groups (Vo, Khik, Lawa, Phowa, Zaiwa, etc.)."
  },
  "She": {
    "census_population": 746385,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Nosu, Shengzha",
      "She",
      "Shenzhou",
      "Sherpa"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 2071100
  },
  "Gaoshan": {
    "census_population": 3479,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Paiwanese"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 700
  },
  "Lahu": {
    "census_population": 499167,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Lahu",
      "Lahu Shi"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 440000
  },
  "Sui": {
    "census_population": 495928,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Lopi, Shuitian",
      "Shui"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 3746000,
    "removed": [
      "Miao, Huishui Central",
      "Miao, Huishui Eastern",
      "Miao, Huishui Northern",
      "Miao, Huishui Southwestern",
      "Miao, Liupanshui",
      "Nisu, Jianshui",
      "Nosu, Shuixi",
      "Shui, Yunnan",
      "Zhuang, Central Hongshuihe",
      "Zhuang, Eastern Hongshuihe"
    ],
    "removal_rationale": "Removed Miao, Nisu, Nosu, Shui, and Zhuang groups. Kept Lopi/Shuitian (Sui-related)."
  },
  "Dongxiang": {
    "census_population": 774947,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Dongxiang"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 775000
  },
  "Naxi": {
    "census_population": 323767,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Mosuo",
      "Naxi",
      "Naxi, Northern"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 394300
  },
  "Jingpo": {
    "census_population": 160471,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Kachin"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 34000
  },
  "Kirgiz": {
    "census_population": 204402,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Kyrgyz"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 204000
  },
  "Tu": {
    "census_population": 281928,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Jiarong, Situ",
      "Tu",
      "Tuerke",
      "Tushu"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 10388700,
    "removed": [
      "Akto Turkmen",
      "Nosu, Butuo",
      "Tujia",
      "Tulao",
      "Tusa",
      "Tuvan",
      "Tuwo",
      "Wutun"
    ],
    "removal_rationale": "Removed Turkmen, Jiarong, Situ, Nosu, Tujia, Tulao, Tusa, Tuvan, Tuwo, Wutun. Kept Tu (Monguor) and Tuerke."
  },
  "Daur": {
    "census_population": 132299,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Daur",
      "Daur, Western"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 139400
  },
  "Mulao": {
    "census_population": 277233,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Mulao",
      "Mulao Jia"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 266000
  },
  "Qiang": {
    "census_population": 312981,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Qiang, Cimulin",
      "Qiang, Dajishan",
      "Qiang, Heihu",
      "Qiang, Jiaochang",
      "Qiang, Longxi",
      "Qiang, Luhua",
      "Qiang, Mawo",
      "Qiang, Mianchi",
      "Qiang, Sanlong",
      "Qiang, Taoping",
      "Qiang, Yadu",
      "Qiangyi"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 247900,
    "removal_rationale": "All 12 mappings are Qiang subgroups. Kept all."
  },
  "Blang": {
    "census_population": 127345,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Blang"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 105000
  },
  "Salar": {
    "census_population": 165159,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Salar"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 165000
  },
  "Maonan": {
    "census_population": 124092,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Maonan"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 106000
  },
  "Gelao": {
    "census_population": 677521,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Gelao"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 578000
  },
  "Xibe": {
    "census_population": 191911,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Xibe",
      "Xibe, Western"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 290000
  },
  "Achang": {
    "census_population": 43775,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Achang",
      "Achang, Husa"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 51500
  },
  "Pumi": {
    "census_population": 45012,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Pumi"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 45000
  },
  "Tajik": {
    "census_population": 50896,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Tajik, Sarikoli"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 44000
  },
  "Nu": {
    "census_population": 36575,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Baonuo",
      "Beidongnuo",
      "Bunuo",
      "Dongnu",
      "Enu",
      "Nu",
      "Numao",
      "Nunu",
      "Qanu",
      "Younuo"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 2183600,
    "removed": [
      "Ainu (China)",
      "Bunu",
      "Bunun",
      "Jinuo",
      "Jinuo, Buyuan",
      "Nosu, Yinuo",
      "Nubra",
      "Tai Nua",
      "Uygur, Lop Nur"
    ],
    "removal_rationale": "Removed obvious false positives: Ainu (China), Bunun (Taiwan), Bunu (Yao), Jinuo (separate ethnic group), Nosu (Yi), Tai Nua, Uygur (Lop Nur). Kept Nu subgroups and Nu-related groups."
  },
  "Uzbek": {
    "census_population": 12742,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Uzbek, Northern"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 13000
  },
  "Russian": {
    "census_population": 16136,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Russian"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 16000
  },
  "Ewenki": {
    "census_population": 34617,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Evenki",
      "Ewenki"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 35400
  },
  "Deang": {
    "census_population": 22354,
    "jp_groups": [],
    "jp_population_est": 0
  },
  "Bonan": {
    "census_population": 24434,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Bonan",
      "Bonan, Tongren"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 31300
  },
  "Yugur": {
    "census_population": 14706,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Yugur, Enger",
      "Yugur, Saragh"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 18000
  },
  "Gin": {
    "census_population": 33112,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Vietnamese"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 33000
  },
  "Tatar": {
    "census_population": 3544,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Tatar, Khakass"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 800
  },
  "Derung": {
    "census_population": 7310,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Drung"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 7300
  },
  "Oroqen": {
    "census_population": 9168,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Oroqen"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 9200
  },
  "Hezhe": {
    "census_population": 5373,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Nanai, Hezhen"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 4800
  },
  "Monba": {
    "census_population": 11143,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Monba, Medog"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 8200
  },
  "Lhoba": {
    "census_population": 4237,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Lhoba, Idu"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 10000
  },
  "Jino": {
    "census_population": 26025,
    "jp_groups": [
      "Jinuo",
      "Jinuo, Buyuan"
    ],
    "jp_population_est": 24600
  },
  "Undistinguished ethnic population": {
    "census_population": 836488,
    "jp_groups": [],
    "jp_population_est": 0
  },
  "Foreigners acquiring Chinese citizenship": {
    "census_population": 16595,
    "jp_groups": [],
    "jp_population_est": 0
  }
}